#41 George H.W. Bush 1989-1993
6/12/1924 –
Party: Republican
Timeline; 1989-1993
Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, Bush joined the Navy (1942-1945) during World War II. Based on U.S.S. San Jacinto, he was part of one of the largest air battles of WWII; Battle of the Phillipine Sea followed by piloting the Grumman TBM Avenger aircraft from VT-51 during the attack on Chichijima. After his military career he went into the oil industry before getting into politics where he served as a U.S. representative for Texas (1967-1971), an ambassador to the U.N. (1971-1973), chairperson of the RNC (1973-1974), Chief liaison to the People’s Republic of China (1974-1975), Director of the C.I.A. (1976-1977), and Ronald Reagan’s V.P. (1981-1989)
1989;
- Bush becomes the 41st President of the Unites States, at the age of 64. Dan Quayle is his VP.
- Bush introduces his bail-out plan for troubled savings and loans banks.
- The Bush administration announces a temporary ban on the importation of semi-automatic rifle
- In the worst oil spill on American territory, the Exxon Valdez supertanker runs aground in southeastern Alaska.

CREWS TRY TO CLEAN UP THE OIL ON THE SHORE

AERIAL VIEW OF THE EXXON OIL SPILL
- Bush offers a program of special assistance for Poland
- The People’s Liberation Army, the military arm of the Chinese government, uses tanks and armored cars to suppress a pro-democracy movement that had encamped in Beijing’s Tiananmen Square.

ONE PROTESTER STANDS IN FRONT OF TANKS AT TIANANMEN SQUARE
- Bush announces a number of condemnatory actions, including the suspension of the sale of American weapons to China for the Tiananmen Square Incident.

CHINESE TROOPS AND TANKS AT TIANANMEN SQUARE
- Bush the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989, a compromise with Congress on the bail-out of savings and loans.
- The Berlin Wall falls, marking the symbolic end of Communist rule in Eastern Europe.

- Bush signs the Fair Labor Standards Amendments of 1989, which will raise the minimum wage to $4.25 an hour.
- Bush signs a new anti-drug law that provides more than $3 billion for expanded programs like treatment facilities, federal prison expansion, education, and law enforcement.
- Bush and Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev meet to discuss nuclear disarmament and the strengthening of Soviet-American trade relations. Both leaders announce that the Cold War is effectively over.
- American armed forces invade Panama to capture Manuel Antonio Noriega, the country’s military dictator.
1990;
- Bush and Gorbachev sign the broadest arms reduction agreement in two decades, stipulating that the United States and the Soviet Union scrap 25 percent and 40 percent of their respective nuclear stockpiles.
- Bush reneges on his “no new taxes” pledge from the 1988 presidential campaign by stating that in order to solve the deficit problem, tax increases might be necessary
- Bush signs the Americans with Disabilities Act
- Iraq invades Kuwait. Bush strongly condemns Iraq’s actions

IRAQI TANK IN KUWAIT
- After East Germans approve reunification, East and West Germany are formally reunited
- Bush vetoes the Civil Rights Act of 1990, stating that the bill would “introduce the destructive force of quotas into our nation’s employment system.”
- Bush signs a budget law intended to reduce the federal budget by almost $500 billion over the next five years. The law includes $140 billion dollars in new taxes.
- Bush increases the number of American troops in Saudi Arabia to 400,000.
- Bush signs the Clean Air Act of 1990
- The United States, Canada, and twenty other European nations sign the Conventional Forces in Europe Treaty.
- Bush signs the Immigration Act of 1990, allowing for the admission of 700,000 aliens each year.
1991;
- The Persian Gulf War, code-named Operation Desert Storm, begins with a massive, American-led air attack on Iraq.

AIR RAID ON IRAQ
- Ground troops, including a large contingent of American soldiers, begin operations in Operation Desert Storm.

U.S. TROOPS STROLLING THROUGH KUWAIT
- After liberating Kuwait, coalition troops advance rapidly into Iraqi territory, encountering no resistance. Bush calls off the ground offensive.

- Bush lifts most American sanctions against the Republic of South Africa
- Bush and Gorbachev meet in Moscow to sign a nuclear arms reduction treaty (START-I) which calls for both nations to make significant reductions in the number of nuclear warheads in their respective arsenals.
- Bush signs the Civil Rights Act of 1991, making it easier for employees to sue employers on grounds of discrimination.
- The constituent republics of the Soviet Union dissolve the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.
1992;
- At the presidential retreat at Camp David, Bush and Russian president Boris Yeltsin meet to discuss U.S.-Russian relations and officially declare the end of the Cold War.
- President Bush announces an aid plan of $24 billion to spur democratic and a free market reforms in the former Soviet Union.
- The United States signs agreements with Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan, ensuring the continued participation of these nations in the nuclear arms reduction treaties signed by the U.S.S.R. before its collapse in late 1991.
- The United States signs the Framework Convention on Climate Change aimed at preventing further global warming.
- Bush and Yeltsin announce an agreement by which the United States and Russia reduce their nuclear warheads to between 3,000 and 3,500 by the year 2003.
- Bush signs a supplemental appropriations act that provides aid to inner cities, specifically Los Angeles, which is trying to recover from the Rodney King riots.

L.A. RIOTS
- Bush signs the Unemployment Compensation Amendments of 1992, extending coverage to the unemployed for 26 weeks, following their initial 26 weeks of benefits.
- American troops land in Somalia as part of the UN-sponsored “Operation Restore Hope.”

U.S. TROOPS IN SOMALIA
Bush was the first sitting Vice President to be elected President since Martin Van Buren. During his term, the Soviet Union collapsed and the Cold War ended. He also led the U.S. in the Gulf War against Iraq, but economic troubles at home cost him re-election. Since then he has been active in various humanitarian activities and living out his retirement making occasional political appearances.
Famous quotes;
“I have opinions of my own, strong opinions, but I don’t always agree with them.”
“We must act on what we know. I take as my guide the hope of a saint: In crucial things, unity; in important things, diversity; in all things, generosity.”
“Don’t confuse being ‘soft’ with seeing the other guy’s point of view.“
8/19/1946 –
Party: Democrat
Timeline; 1993-2000
Clinton got into law before entering politics where he served as Attorney General of Arkansas (1977-1979), and Governor of Arkansas on separate occasions (1979-1981 and 1983-1992).
1993;
- Clinton becomes the 42nd President at the age of 46. Al Gore is his V.P.
- Clinton announces that the First Lady will head the Task Force on National Health Care Reform.
- Clinton signs the Family Medical Leave Act that requires companies to provide workers with up to three months of unpaid leave for family and medical emergencies.
- Six people are killed and more than a thousand suffer injuries after a bomb planted under the World Trade Center in New York City explodes.

1993 WORLD TRADE CENTER BOMBING
- The Senate confirms Janet Reno as attorney general, the first woman to serve in the position.
- In Waco, Texas, federal law enforcement officers, end a 51-day standoff against a religious cult led by David Koresh.

FBI BURNS HOUSE IN WACO STANDOFF
- Clinton orders the U.S. Navy to attack Iraqi intelligence operations in downtown Baghdad after learning that Iraqis had plotted to kill former President Bush during his visit to Kuwait. The twenty-three tomahawk missiles fired reportedly kill eight people.

ANATOMY OF A TOMAHAWK MISSILE
- Clinton announces an “honorable compromise” in the debate surrounding gays in the military. The policy is labeled “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell.”
- Vince Foster, deputy counsel to the President, is found dead in a Northern Virginia park. Authorities rule his death a suicide at first, but it still left many conspiracy theories.
- Clinton signs the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act.
- Clinton presides over a ceremony in Washington, D.C., at which Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and PLO Chairman Yasser Arafat sign the Israeli-Palestinian Declaration of Principles.
- Clinton unveils a plan for universal health care emphasizing that all Americans would have high quality health care and would be able to choose their physicians.
- An elite American special forces unit searching for Somali warlord Mohammed Farah Aidid in Somalia’s capital city of Mogadishu is ambushed by Aidid’s forces, leaving eighteen Americans dead.

- Clinton signs the Brady Act, which requires a potential handgun purchaser to wait five days while a background check is performed by law enforcement officers.
- After a hard-fought battle in Congress, Clinton signs the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), eliminating nearly every trade barrier between the United States, Canada, and Mexico, creating the world’s largest free trade zone.
1994;
- Clinton attends the NATO summit meeting in Brussels, Belgium and announces that the United States will maintain at least 100,000 troops in Europe as well as introducing the “Partnership for Peace” program
- Clinton ends the nineteen-year old trade embargo against Vietnam, noting that Vietnam is trying to locate 2,238 Americans listed as missing in action since the Vietnam War.
- The last American marines leave Somalia.
- Former President Nixon is laid to rest in Yorba Linda, CA

NIXON GRAVE
- Clinton renews China’s Most Favored Nation trade status
- Clinton unveils his welfare reform initiatives.
- Clinton meets with Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin of Israel and King Hussein of Jordan. The talks result in Israel and Jordan agreeing in principle to end nearly fifty years of official antagonism.

U.S. PRESIDENT CLINTON, ISRAEL PRIME MINISTER RABIN AND KING HUSSEIN OF JORDAN
- Clinton signs the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act into law, that includes provisions providing for the hiring of 100,000 more policemen, and the expansion of the death penalty to cover more than 50 federal crimes.
- The administration announces plans to send more than 35,000 troops to the Persian Gulf to deter an Iraqi invasion of Kuwait. Days later, Iraqi troops withdraw from border
- The Senate votes to approve the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) that 117 nations, including the United States, agree to in December 1993.
- Clinton, along with the presidents of Belarus, Kazakhstan, Russia, and Ukraine, signs the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START I) in Budapest, Hungary. The treaty eliminates more than 9,000 warheads.
1995;
- Clinton signs the Congressional Accountability Act, requiring Congress to abide by the same anti-discrimination workplace rules that apply throughout the rest of the country.
- Clinton authorizes the U.S. Treasury Department to make an emergency loan of up to $20 billion to Mexico to forestall a financial crisis threatening the interconnected Mexican and American economies.
- In an act of domestic terrorism, a bomb planted in a truck parked in front of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, kills 168 people and causes massive structural damage.

OKLAHOMA CITY BOMBING
- The United States extended full diplomatic recognition of Vietnam, twenty-two years after the United States withdrew military forces from that country.
- NATO, with a strong contingent of American forces, begins two weeks of air attacks on Serbian positions, dubbed Operation Deliberate Force.

- In Dayton, Ohio, the representatives of Bosnia, Croatia, and Serbia agree in principle to a peace agreement, the Dayton Accords
1996;
- Clinton signs a bill giving him the power of the “line-item veto,” which had been requested by Presidents Reagan and Bush. With this new power, Clinton can veto specific items in spending and tax bills without vetoing the entire measure.
- Clinton vetoes a bill that would have outlawed certain types of late-term abortions, namely the partial birth abortion.
- Clinton announces that American troops will likely remain in Bosnia as the major component of an international peacekeeping force for an additional eighteen months.
- In the first trial to result from the Whitewater investigation, Jim and Susan McDougal, and Arkansas Governor Jim Guy Tucker–Clinton’s friends and former business partners in the Whitewater affair–are convicted of fraud.
- Clinton signs a health care reform bill that he expects to expand coverage for many Americans.
- Clinton signs a welfare reform bill that radically restructures the American welfare system.
- Clinton orders a cruise missile strike against Iraq after Saddam Hussein leads a siege against the Kurdish city of Irbil in northern Iraq.

MISSILE STRIKE ON IRAQ
- An overwhelming majority of United Nations members, including the United States, agree to a treaty banning all nuclear weapons testing.
1997;
- The Senate votes 99-0 to approve an investigation into the “improper” and “illegal” fund-raising tactics of both the White House and members of Congress. Allegations by Republicans and some Democrats of illegal fund raising by the Clinton White House spur the investigation
- Clinton and Yeltsin meet at Helsinki, Finland, and agree to begin negotiations on another nuclear arms reduction treaty (START III)
- The Senate ratifies the Chemical Weapons Convention, making illegal the production, acquisition, stockpiling, or use of chemical weapons
- A memorial is dedicated to Franklin D. Roosevelt in Washington D.C.

FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT MEMORIAL
- The Clinton administration and Republican congressional leaders agree in principle to a five-year budget plan to eliminate the budget deficit.
- In a decision affecting both the scope of presidential power and the immediate future of the Clinton presidency, the Supreme Court rules that Paula Jones can pursue her sexual harassment lawsuit against President Clinton, even while he is in office.
- President Clinton signs legislation providing for a balanced budget by 2002, ending years of partisan wrangling between Clinton and Republican leaders.
- Attorney General Janet Reno, in a letter to Congress, announces that the Justice Department’s investigation into allegations that the Clinton administration violated campaign finance laws, especially in its efforts to finance the 1996 presidential campaign, has uncovered no major violations.
- President Clinton orders the United States government to contribute $3 billion to an international bail-out of Indonesia totaling over $22 billion. The Clinton administration argues that the bailout will help stabilize the shaky financial situation in Southeast Asia.
1998;
- News breaks that President Clinton may have had a sexual relationship with a former White House intern named Monica Lewinsky. Clinton, adamantly denying the allegations, states, “I did not have sexual relations with that woman, Miss Lewinsky.”
- A judge dismisses Paula Jones’s sexual harassment lawsuit against President Clinton.
- Catholic and Protestant leaders in Northern Ireland sign the “Good Friday Peace Accords,” a substantial agreement in the Northern Ireland peace process.
- Terrorists bomb American embassies in Kenya and Tanzania, killing 224 people, including 20 Americans. United States intelligence believes that Osama bin Laden is behind the attacks.

AMERICAN EMBASSY BOMBING IN KENYA
- The Office of the Independent Counsel releases its report on the Clinton-Lewinsky affair, commonly known as the Starr Report.
- After nine days of negotiations in rural Maryland, Israeli leader Benjamin Netanyahu and Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat sign the Wye River Memorandum. President Clinton mediates the negotiations, which result in an agreement highlighted by a three-stage withdrawal of Israeli troops from the West Bank.

- President Clinton orders a three-day bombing attack against Iraq after Saddam Hussein refuses to cooperate with United Nations weapons inspectors.

BOMBING OF IRAQ
- The House of Representatives votes to impeach President Clinton on charges of perjury and obstruction of justice.
1999;
- The Senate acquits President Clinton on both articles of impeachment, rejecting one article and splitting evenly on the second.
- In response to Serbian aggression in Kosovo and Albania, and reports of ethnic cleansing, the United States leads NATO attacks against Serbia.

NATO BOMBING

- The NATO air campaign against Serbia ends after Serb forces agree on June 9 to withdraw from Kosovo.
- The United States Senate votes down the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, which would have prevented the United States from conducting underground nuclear tests.
2000;
- The United States and China agree to a trade treaty reducing tariffs and other trade barriers. The treaty is to come into effect after China joins the World Trade Organization
- Clinton sends a bill to Congress asking for permanent normal trade relations with China.
- Clinton holds a summit meeting with Russian president Vladimir Putin. They reaffirm their nations’ commitment to strategic arms reductions, but disagree over American plans to research and develop a missile-defense system.
- Independent Counsel Robert Ray announces that his investigation has not discovered enough evidence to indict the Clintons for their Whitewater dealings.
Since Clinton left office he has been involved in public speakings and humanitarian work as well as remaining active in politics by campaigning for Democratic Presidential nominees, most recently, his wife running in 2016.
Famous quotes;
“There is nothing wrong with America that cannot be cured by what is right with America.”
“Let us all take more responsibility, not only for ourselves and our families but for our communities and our country.”
“Sometimes when people are under stress, they hate to think, and it’s the time when they most need to think.“
7/6/1946 –
Party: Republican
Timeline; 2001-2008
Bush served in the Air National Guard (1968-1974) after he earned his M.B.A. degree from Harvard. After his service he joined his father in politics, helping with his campaigns before running on his own when he won the seat of Governor of Texas (1995-2000) while also being part owner of the Texas Rangers (1989-1998). He and his dad are the second father-son duo to serve as Presidents, John Adams and John Q. Adams being the first.
2001;
- Bush becomes the 43rd President of the United States at the age of 54. Dick Cheney is his V.P.
- Bush decides to reinstate the ban on aid to international groups performing or counseling on abortion.
- United States airplanes attack Iraqi radar sites to enforce a “no-fly zone.”

- The Bush administration affirms its decision to abandon ratification of the Kyoto Protocol, an international treaty signed by 180 countries to reduce global warming that set limits on industrial emissions.
- A U.S. spy plane is clipped by a Chinese fighter jet, forcing the American plane to make an emergency landing on Chinese soil, dubbed the Hainan Island Incident
- President Bush signals a change in relations with China by officially pledging military support for Taiwan in the event of an attack by China.
- Bush signs a $1.35 trillion tax cut into law.
- President Bush addresses the nation, outlining his plans for the federal funding of stem cell research.
- Terrorists hijack four commercial jets and crash them into the World Trade Center in New York City, the Pentagon in Washington, D.C., and the Pennsylvania countryside. It is the worst attack on American soil since Pearl Harbor

SECOND PLANE ABOUT TO HIT THE WORLD TRADE CENTER

AFTERMATH OF THE SECOND PLANE HITTING THE WORLD TRADE CENTER

PLANE TAKEN DOWN INTO A PENNSYLVANIA FIELD

PENTAGON AFTER THE 9/11 ATTACKS
- Bush appears before a joint session of Congress to outline the administration’s plans to defeat world terrorism, singling out Osama bin Laden and his al-Qaeda organization as the primary targets of such a policy.
- Bush announces the commencement of military action in Afghanistan, an operation code-named “Enduring Freedom.”

- The Capital shuts down amidst an Anthrax scare. Persons in Florida and New York have already tested positive for the frequently fatal bacteria.
- The Enron Corporation files for Chapter Eleven bankruptcy protection, the largest bankruptcy case in American history.
- Bush notifies Russia of his intention to withdraw from the 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty.
2002;
- President Bush signs a landmark education reform bill into law. Known as the No Child Left Behind Act
- In his State of the Union address, President Bush warns that the War on Terror is only beginning. Specifically citing North Korea, Iran, and Iraq
- Bush renews his call on Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat to end attacks on Israel
- Bush announces that the forty-year-old trade embargo against Cuba will continue until conditions, including free and fair elections, are met.
- Congress presses the Bush administration for further information about warnings of the September 11, 2001, attacks.
- Bush and Russian president Vladimir Putin sign a nuclear arms treaty, vowing to reduce their nations’ arsenals by two-thirds over the next ten years.

BUSH AND PUTIN SIGN NUCLEAR ARMS TREATY
- Bush announces broad changes to security departments in charge of protecting the nation from terrorism.
- Following the Enron and WorldCom scandals, in which both companies claimed profits which turned out to be highly inflated, Bush calls for new laws on corporate abuse.
- Seeking support for action against Iraq, President Bush addresses Congress, identifying Iraqi strongman Saddam Hussein as “a serious threat.”
- Bush addresses the United Nations’ Security Council, making his case for military action to enforce UN resolutions in Iraq.
- The House and Senate vote and give authorization to Bush to use force against Iraq.
- Department of Homeland Security is established
- Following a United Nations report issued by arms inspectors indicating that Iraq remained in violation of Security Council Resolution 1441, Bush speaks out again against Iraq. Inspections in Iraq continue.
2003;
- Bush reveals a tax-cut plan of $674 billion over ten years.
- The seven-member crew of the shuttle Columbia dies in an explosion in space. Debris falls in Texas.

COLUMBIA SHUTTLE CREW

COLUMBIA SHUTTLE EXPLOSION
- CIA director George Tenet announces that North Korea possesses a nuclear ballistic missile capable of hitting the United States.
- Bush announces the U.S. intention to move against Iraq with its coalition of allies. Bush issues an ultimatum for military action, giving Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein and his sons forty-eight hours to leave Iraq.
- The deadline for Hussein to leave Iraq passes. Bush addresses the nation and informs the American people that the United States is at war with Iraq.

U.S. BOMBS ON BAGHDAD

- Bush and British Prime Minister Tony Blair air a joint address on Iraqi television that describes the goals of coalition forces and reassures the Iraqi people that they will be able to live their lives in peace and security in a post-Saddam era
- In a nationally televised address aboard the aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln, Bush stands in front of a “Mission Accomplished” banner and declares that major combat operations in Iraq are over. He links the Iraq War to the War on Terror and vows to continue searching for banned weapons in Iraq.

- The UN Security Council votes to lift sanctions on Iraq imposed since the 1991 Gulf War. The resolution gives the United States and United Kingdom control of Iraq until it establishes a legitimate government and authority to use Iraqi oil revenues for humanitarian aid and reconstruction.
- U.S. marines and Iraqi citizens take down Saddam statue in Firdos Square

U.S. MARINES AND IRAQI CITIZENS TAKE DOWN SADDAM STATUE
- Bush signs into law his $350 billion tax-cut package, the third-largest in history, in an effort to strengthen the U.S. economy and reverse a trend of increasing unemployment.
- U.S. forces kill Saddam Hussein’s two sons Uday and Qusay in Mosul, Iraq. Officials hope that anti-U.S. attacks in Iraq will decrease as a result.
- The joint Congressional Committee on Intelligence releases the findings of the terrorist attacks of September 11, concluding that intelligence agencies failed to respond to alerts about potential targets and methods.
- The Justice Department announces a full criminal investigation into allegations that Bush administration officials had leaked the name of a covert CIA operative to the media in July, dubbed the Plame Affair. Bush urges full cooperation with the probe.
- Chief U.S. Weapons Inspector David Kay reports that his team has finished their inspection into Iraq’s weapons.
- Bush signs into law a ban on late-term abortion, the first law to ban an abortion procedure since the Supreme Court’s 1973 decision in Roe v. Wade.
- Bush signs a landmark bill overhauling Medicare
- Saddam is caught during Operation Red Dawn

SADDAM CAPTURED
- Iran signs an agreement to grant unrestricted access to UN-IAEA weapons inspectors.
2004;
- Bush gives his fourth State of the Union Address, laying out a broad domestic and foreign policy agenda while stressing issues of national security.
- The Iraqi Governing Council signs an interim constitution to provide a framework for establishment of a transitional government.
- U.S. forces in Iraq confront a violent uprising beginning with Shiite Muslims in Baghdad and spreading to Sunni guerrillas in Fallujah, leading to the heaviest fighting since the invasion began in March of 2003.

BATTLE OF FALLUJAH

HANDS OF VICTORY IN BAGHDAD
- CBS broadcasts photographs of U.S. Army abuse of Iraqi prisoners in Abu Ghraib prison, a facility on the outskirts of Baghdad.
- Massachusetts becomes the first state to offer marriage licenses to same sex couples. Bush reiterates to Congress his call for a constitutional amendment banning same sex marriage.
- The U.S.-led Coalition for Provisional Authority formerly ends foreign occupation of Iraq, granting the provisional government sovereignty. Still, 130,000 troops remain in Iraq.
- U.S. troops launch an assault to retake the rebel-controlled city of Fallujah in the largest military operation since the initial invasion in March of 2003.

U.S. TROOPS WALK THROUGH STREETS OF FALLUJAH
2005;
- Bush meets with Presidents of France, Germany, and Russia to smooth diplomatic relations after the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq.

SOCHI MEETING
- Iraqi government announces that a war crimes trial for Saddam Hussein is likely to begin within the next two months and prosecutors would seek the death penalty.
- The Senate easily passes an omnibus energy bill aimed at supporting the traditional energy industries of oil and natural gas, but also provide tax incentives for the use of alternative energy sources such as solar and wind power.
- Vladimir Arutyunian attempts to assassinate Bush when he throws a live hand grenade at Bush’s podium but it does not go odd. He is given a life sentence for it.
- The space shuttle Discovery takes off from the Kennedy Space Center on a mission to deliver repairs to the International Space Station.

SPACE SHUTTLE DISCOVERY LAUNCH
- Hurricane Katrina strikes the southern coast of the United States with devastating effects.

HURRICANE KATRINA VIEW FROM SATELLITE

AFTERMATH OF HURRICANE KATRINA
- Bush admits for the first time that the complete removal of U.S. troops from Iraq during the remainder of his term is improbable. He continues to assert the fact that progress is being made in the establishment of Iraqi democracy.
- The U.S. District Court in Alexandria, Virginia, sentences Zacarias Moussaoui to life in prison without parole for his role in the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks.
2006;
- The Senate votes to ban same sex marriages in the United States, thereby preventing a vote on the actual passage of the amendment.
- Former President Ford is laid to rest in Grand Rapids, Michigan

FORD TOMB
- Bush issues his first veto on a bill to lift constraints on federal funding of embryonic stem cell research, and subsequently, the House unsuccessfully attempts to override the veto.
- Bush signs a bill providing for the construction of a 700-mile fence along the United States-Mexico border, in an effort to increase border security and stem illegal immigration.
- Russia dedicates the Teardrop memorial for the lives lost at the 1993 and 2001 World Trade Center attacks
TEARDROP MEMORIAL
- Former Iraqi President Saddam Hussein is hanged in Baghdad, Iraq, after being convicted of crimes against humanity dating back to 1982.
SADDAM BEING HANGED
2007;
- Nancy Pelosi, a Democrat from California, takes office as the first female Speaker of the House.
- The U.S. Air Force launches an air attack on Islamist militias and suspected al-Qaeda operatives in Somalia.

AC-130 GUNSHIP OVER SOMALIA
- Bush announces what would be termed a “troop surge” in Iraq in an attempt to increase security in the capital of Baghdad and smother insurgency centers throughout the country.
- General David Petraeus takes over command of the multinational forces in Iraq to oversee the surge.
- Seung-Hui Cho kills himself and 32 fellow students at Virginia Tech in the deadliest campus gun rampage in U.S. history. President Bush and the First Lady attend the memorial.
- Bush vetoes a war spending bill passed by Congress, which set a timetable for troop withdrawal from Iraq. Within days Bush reaches a record low approval rating.
- The Supreme Court reverses an April decision and agrees to hear appeals from Guantanamo Bay detainees who have not had access to the federal courts.
- Congress passes the Anti-terrorism Bill, allowing the screening of air and sea cargo as well as giving more money in grants to states with greater risk
- Congress passes new energy legislation to increase automobile fuel efficiency standards and mandates increases in bio-fuel production. The bill passes the House and Senate, and President Bush signs it into law.
2008;
- Bush proposes and Senate passes a stimulus package in response to a housing crisis and increasing oil prices, giving individuals several hundred dollars as well as rebates for children and tax deductions for businesses in order to boost the slowing economy.
- U.S. missile strikes in Pakistan kill a top al-Qaeda leader, Abu Laith al-Libi, who trained terror operatives in the region.

DRONE MISSILE LAUNCH
- Six detainees at Guantanamo Bay are charged with conspiracy, murder in violation of the law of war, and terrorism for their roles in 9/11.
- The State Department renews a deal with Blackwater Worldwide, the private defense contractor to provide defense for U.S. diplomats in the Middle East.
- Bush vetoes the Farm Bill, thought to be too excessive of a bill providing subsidies to farmers but the House and Senate override his veto and pass it.
- The Senate Select Committee on Intelligence finds that Bush and other officials exaggerated the evidence showing that Saddam held weapons of mass destruction.
- The U.S. forces hand over control of Anbar Province to the Iraqi military and police.
- Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are placed under government control to prevent the institutions from going under
- Senate approves an end to the long-standing ban on trading nuclear fuels with India.
- Bush signs a $700 billion bailout plan for failing bank assets, the largest in U.S. history.
- General David Petraeus takes over as Head of Central Command, overseeing all U.S. military operations in Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Syria, and Iran.
- President Bush issues a $17.4-billion auto bailout to General Motors and Chrysler to keep the two American automotive giants from going bankrupt.
Bush retired to Texas, still making public appearances at Ranger games, political and charity events.
Famous quotes;
“When I take action, I’m not going to fire a $2 million missile at a $10 empty tent and hit a camel in the butt. It’s going to be decisive.”
“I am mindful not only of preserving executive powers for myself, but for predecessors as well.”
“I just want you to know that, when we talk about war, we’re really talking about peace.“
8/4/1961 –
Party: Democrat
Timeline; 2009-2017
Obama was a Community Organizer (1985-1988) before attending Harvard Law School (1988-1991). He gained national recognition becoming the first black President of Harvard Law review which helped lead him to a publishing contract where he wrote his personal memoirs. He went on to teach constitutional law at the University of Chicago (1992-2004) where he also served as a member of the Senate ((1997-2004) before becoming the Senator of Illinois (2005-2008).
2009;
- Obama becomes the 44th President and first African-American President of the United States at the age of 47. Joe Biden is his V.P.
- Obama announces that companies receiving large amounts of federal bailout money through the TARP, must cap top executive pay at $500,000
- Obama nominates the first Hispanic to the Supreme Court, Sonia Sotomayor
- Obama signs the Children’s Health Insurance Program Reauthorization Act of 2009
- Obama signs an Economic Stimulus Bill into Law
- Obama is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize
2010;
- Obama signs the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Obama Care) into law
- BP oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico explodes

DEEPWATER HORIZON OIL RIG EXPLODES

OIL SPILL IN THE GULF OF MEXICO
- Obama signs the compromise tax plan, extending the Bush tax cuts
2011;
- U.S. forces track down Osama Bin Laden in Pakistan, killing him in a raid.


PAKISTANI MEDIA AND RESIDENTS GATHER AROUND THE HOUSE BIN LADEN WAS HIDING IN
- Government backed solar company Solyndra files for bankruptcy
- Libyan leader Muammar Qaddaffi is killed

2012;
- Supreme Court starts hearing arguments on the constitutionality of the Affordable Care Act
- Supreme Court upholds key part of Arizona law allowing police to ask about immigration status dealing a blow to Obama and the Federal government’s lawsuit.
- The U.S consulate and annex in Benghazi, Libya are attacked by terrorists where the American ambassador Stevens and three other Americans are killed.

2013;
- Obama wins a 2nd term
- The No Budget, No Pay Act of 2013 is signed into law
- The Violence Against Women Act is signed into law
- Freedom Tower (One World Trade Center) is completed

FREEDOM TOWER
- Terrorists plant bombs at the finish line of the Boston Marathon

BOSTON MARATHON BOMBING
- Tornado rips through the town of Moore, Oklahoma

MOORE TORNADO AFTERMATH
- Obama announces he will seek congressional approval to use military force against Syria for their use of chemical weapons
- The Continuing Appropriations Act is signed into law containing a continuing resolution ending the US government shutdown of 2013 and the debt-ceiling crisis of 2013
- Obama overseas the G20 summit
2014;
- Obama issues an executive order raising the minimum wage of federal contractors
- Russian military intervention in Ukraine
- Financial sanctions imposed against “‘individuals and entities’ responsible for the Russian intervention in Crimea
- Obama attends the Nuclear Security Summit in the Netherlands
- The Gabriella Miller Kids First Research Act signed into law
- Obama announces the authorization of targeted airstrikes against ISIS near Erbil, Iraq

AIRSTRIKES NEAR IRAQ
- U.S. and allied forces begin an airstrike in Syria

AIRSTRIKES BY ALLIED FORCES IN SYRIA
- Obama announces the nation will resume normal relations with communist controlled Cuba
2015;
- Obama meets with United Kingdom Prime Minister David Cameron to discuss Iran, ISIS, and the terrorism of the Charlie Hebdo attacks in Paris, France.
- Obama vetoes the Keystone XL pipeline bill passed by congress
- Supreme Court declares same-sex marriage legal
- Obama delivers a speech on the Edmund Pettus bridge in Selma, Alabama on the 50th anniversary of the Civil rights march from Selma to Montgomery

PRESIDENT OBAMA AND FORMER PRESIDENT BUSH MARCHING
- Obama delivers a memorial speech and lays a wreath at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier

OBAMA LAYING A WREATH AT THE TOMB OF THE UNKNOWN SOLDIER
- Obama announces a nuclear deal with Iran
- Obama discusses climate change at the United Nations conference in Paris, France
- Two heavily armed terrorists attack a Christmas Party in San Francisco, California

SUSPECTS OF THE SAN FRANCISCO SHOOTING GUNNED DOWN
2016;
- Obama signs Judicial Redress Act of 2015
- Obama signs Trade Facilitation and Trade Enforcement Act of 2015 into law
- Obama hosts the 2016 Nuclear Security Summit
- Obama visits Flint, Michigan to address the city’s water crisis
Famous Quotes:
“The strongest weapon against hateful speech, is not repression, it’s more speech”
“The best way to not feel helpless, is to get up and do something”
“Although the principle of equality has always been self-evident, it has never been self-executing”
7/14/1946 –
Party: Republican
Timeline; 2017-
At the age of 70, Donald Trump won his first bid for public office and became the oldest President ever elected president of the United States. He is the fifth US president to take office despite losing the popular vote, having prevailed in Electoral College votes over Democrat Hillary Clinton. A real estate mogul and reality television star, Trump is the first president without previous service in either elective office or the military.
2017;
- Trump becomes the 45th President of the United States
- Protests across the nation breakout over the accusations of Russia rigging the U.S. elections
- Trump tries to have ACA repealed but fails
- Travel ban is made for 7 countries but courts shoot it down, eventually the Supreme Court allows some portions
- Trump announces transgenders will not be allowed in military 6 months after Obama removed the ban
- Trump withdraws U.S. from Trans-Pacific Partnership
- Syrian Government uses chemical weapons on their citizens, U.S. attacks one of their air bases in retaliation
- Special counsel created to investigate Russian collusion in 2016 elections
- Trump pulls U.S. from Paris Climate Accord
- Trump is first foreign leader to be invited to dine in the Forbidden City of China
- Trump’s National Security Advisor Michael Flynn is first piece to fall in Russian Collusion investigation, pleads guilty to lying to FBI
2018;
- Trade war with China begins
- Indictments issued for 13 Russians that allegedly meddled in the 2016 elections
- Withdraw from Iran Nuclear deal
- U.S. Embassy opens in Jerusalem
- Trump meets with North Korean Leader after tense back and forth threats were made.
- Trump meets Putin in Finland and is blasted by both parties for not confronting Putin on alleged election interference.
- Trump attorney Michael Cohen sentenced to 3 years for pleading guilty to finance violations when he paid off women to remain silent of alleged affairs
- Government begins partial shut down after failing to reach agreement on budge
2019;
- After 35 days, Trump announces reopening plan
- Mueller report released on Russian collusion
- Trump becomes first President to cross into North Korean territory for a meeting with Kim Jong-un
- Trump calls President of Ukraine about scandals regarding Joe Biden and his son Hunter Biden
- Complaint filed about Trump’s call, regarding it as international election interference since Joe Biden is a Presidential candidate.
- Trump announces creation of Space Force, officially separating it from the Air Force.
- Democrats begin impeachment inquiries over alleged interference of elections
- Democrat controlled House votes to impeach Trump over abuse of power and obstruction of Congress. Trump becomes 3rd President to be impeached by the house
2020;
- The United States kills General Qasem Soleimani of Iran in a drone attack in Iraq.
- Iran retaliates by firing ballistic missiles into two bases in Iraq where US soldiers are stationed. There are no deaths.
- NAFTA replaced
- Coronavirus plagues the world, travel from China is restricted as it is the origin of the virus
- Senate acquits Trump on impeachment
- Coronavirus causes national economic shutdown amid sickness escalation
- Riots and protests spread across the country after an officer is recorded needlessly killing a man
- U.S. pulls from World Health Organization
- Biden wins election amid more election interference accusations
- U.S. rolls out COVID-19 vaccination
2021;
- Mob attacks US capitol protesting election results
Trump left office with a large portion of citizens considering him the worst President ever, and a large portion considering him one of the best. He was opposed and threatened impeachment before he even stepped in office. He is still being investigated and still has a team investigating the elections on his behalf